ABSTRACT
Digital media expanded the scenarios in which people watch television and the communication contexts where fans comment on their content. This work focuses on the conversations between Spanish speakers that take place on the Internet about the Peaky Blinders TV series. We focus on analysis of the discourse generated from the series' content in social networks, where spectators converse with one another and on analysis of other, creative practices, which help to develop the transmedia narrative but are generated by the spectators themselves. This is known as fan fiction, cosplay or crossover. We combine big data (Kitchin, 2014), to extract digital texts, and small data to analyze the construction of meanings from the perspective of discourse analysis (Gee, 2014). Big data were collected during the recent premiere of the fifth season in Spain, from 14 March to 15 June 2020 (3 months of which coincided with Covid-19 lockdown).The texts appeared on Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube, as well as in forums, comments, and other digital information. We dynamically defined 268 categories during the data collection stage. This study includes only those that the research team considered were more relevant, facilitating in-depth analysis of the conversations through discourse analysis. The results discuss how participants construct narratives that we interpret from a triple model. First, digital and situated sto-rytelling (Ryan, 2019) through reconstruction of the contents and formats of the series by fans (Lacasa, 2020). Second, digital media and the presence of multi-platforms, which have generated transmedia strategies (Kavoori et al., 2017 (Kavoori, 2017)). The study establishes the relationships between these multiple platforms and how audiences are present there. Third, digital contexts that generate conversations, creating dialogue between cultural industries and TV series followers. © 2022, Lusofona University. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome characterized by an uncontrolled inflammation, and hypercytokinemia as a result of uncontrolled activation of cytotoxic T cells and macrophages, resulting in the HLH classical symptoms such as: Persistent fever, hepatosplenomegaly, rash, cytopenias, hemophagocytosis, hyperferritine-mia, hypertriglyceridemia and central nervous system infiltration. Patients can develop coagulopathy, liver failure and progress to multi-organ failure with high mortality rates. HLH is classified as primary when it is associated with a familial, inherited factor whereas it is secondary when associated with a non-inherited factor. Evidence supports that infections can trigger the physiopathology of HLH. The most common viral infections are;cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr however, other viruses such as dengue, HIV and more recently, the acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by SARS-CoV2 have been identified as infections associated with HLH (iHLH). The link between viral infection and immunoreactivity is well recognized, however, the mechanism in which the viruses are involved in the development of HLH remains unclear. In this chapter we discuss the role of the viral infection and some features from the host which takes part in the development of HLH. © 2021 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Influenza immunization is a highly effective method of reducing illness, hospitalization and mortality from this disease. However, influenza vaccination rates in the U.S. remain below public health targets and persistent structural inequities reduce the likelihood that Black, American Indian and Alaska Native, Latina/o, Asian groups, and populations of low socioeconomic status will receive the influenza vaccine. METHODS: We analyzed correlates of influenza vaccination rates using the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in the year 2020. Our analysis compared influenza vaccination as the outcome of interest with the variables age, sex, race, education, income, geographic location, health insurance status, access to primary care, history of delaying care due to cost, and comorbidities such as: asthma, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, body mass index, cancer and diabetes. RESULTS: Non-Hispanic White (46.5%) and Asian (44.1%) participants are more likely to receive the influenza vaccine compared to Non-Hispanic Black (36.7%), Hispanic (33.9%), American Indian/Alaskan Native (36.6%), and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (37.9%) participants. We found persistent structural inequities that predict influenza vaccination, within and across racial and ethnic groups, including not having health insurance [OR: 0.51 (0.47-0.55)], not having regular access to primary care [OR: 0.50 (0.48-0.52)], and the need to delay medical care due to cost [OR: 0.75 (0.71-0.79)]. CONCLUSION: As COVID-19 vaccination efforts evolve, it is important for physicians and policymakers to identify the structural impediments to equitable U.S. influenza vaccination so that future vaccination campaigns are not impeded by these barriers to immunization.